The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is an important innovation that promises to
have a great impact on the issues of urban mobility. In the specific case of higher levels of automation
– such as levels 4 and 5 – as defined by SAE (2016), the vehicle can travel without the intervention of
a human operator (driver). It should be noted that in most studies and current tests, AVs are likely to be
electric vehicle that integrates, in addition to the benefits of its own automation, the benefits of an
electric mobility that does not pollute the environment during trips as combustion vehicles do.
When it comes to AVs, it is necessary to distinguish two important ruptures: the first refers to
the vehicle connected to its infrastructure (that is, its entire traffic environment), and both connected to
the Internet (Internet of Things – IoT), in order to make the commute more pleasant and above all, safer.
In this context, driver assistance systems are introduced, allowing the driver to better manage difficult
and even dangerous situations. In addition, it is important to highlight the rapid development of the
automotive 2.0 concept, which proposes changes to the vehicle as not only a mechanical assembly, but
as an intelligent, connected platform architecture that contains equipment, services and support
applications to improve the user experience (Dellios and Patsakis & Polemi, 2016), resulting in new
concepts such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I).